philosophical fiction

• existential: Simone de Beauvoir, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Fyodor Dostoyevsky
• objectivism: Ayn Rand,
• Albert Camus, Friedrich Nietzsche, Robert Pirsig's Metaphysics of Quality
• Bildungsroman is a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood (coming of age)

linked mentions for "philosophical fiction":

1. Metaphysics of Quality
   “Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance”, Robert Pirsig’s philosophical novel, 1974 and expanded in Lila: An Inquiry into Morals (1991) ZAMM